Subject:
������������ A Partial List of the CIA's Covert Terror Operations
������� Date:
������������ Tue, 26 Nov 2002 18:40:59 ‑0500
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References:
������������ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11
This only goes up to 1984, so it doesn't include too much info on the
CIA's support of the Taliban, etc...
1946: GREECE. Restore monarch after overthrow of Metaxas government.
Successful.
1946‑1955: WEST GERMANY. Average of $6 million annually to support
former Nazi intelligence network of General Reinhard Gehlen.
Successful.
1948‑1968: ITALY. Average of $30 million annually in payments to
political and labor leaders to supportanti‑ Communist candidates in
Italian elections. Successful.
1949: GREECE. Military assistance to anti‑Communist forces in Greek
civil war. Successful.
1949‑1953: UKRAINE. Organize and support a Ukrainian resistance
movement. Unsuccessful.
1949‑1961: BURMA. Support 12,000 Nationalist China troops in Burma
under General Li Mi as an incursion force into People's Republic of
China. Unsuccessful.
1950‑1952: POLAND. Financial and military assistance for Polish
Freedom and Independence Movement. Unsuccessful.
1950: ALBANIA. Overthrow government of Enver Hoxha. Unsuccessful.
1951‑1954: CHINA. Airdrop guerilla teams into People's Republic of
China. Unsuccessful.
1953: IRAN. Overthrow Mossadegh government and install Zahedi. Cost:
$10 million. Successful.
1953: PHILLIPINES. Assassination and propaganda campaign to overcome
Huk resistance and install government of Ramon Magsaysay. Successful.
1953: COSTA RICA. Overthrow government of Jose Figueres. Unsuccessful.
1954: SOUTH VIETNAM. Install government of Ngo Dinh Diem. Successful.
1954: WEST GERMANY. Arrange abduction and discreditation of West
German intelligence chief Otto John, and replace with Reinhard Gehlen.
Successful.
1954: GUATEMALA. Overthrow government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzman and
replace with Carlos Castillo Armas. Successful.
1955: CHINA. Assassinate Zhou Enlai en route to Bandung Conference.
Unsuccessful.
1956: HUNGARY. Financial and military assistance to organize and
support a Hungarian resistance movement, and broad propaganda campaign
to encourage it. Unsuccessful.
1956: CUBA. Establish anti‑Communist police force, Buro de Represion
Actividades Communistas (BRAC) under Batista regime. Successful.
1956: EGYPT. Overthrow Nasser government. Unsuccessful.
1956: SYRIA. Overthrow Ghazzi government. Aborted by Israeli invasion
of Egypt.
1956‑1957: JORDAN. Average of $750,000 annually in personal payments
to King Hussein. According to United States government, payments
ceased when disclosed in 1976.
1957: LEBANON. Financial assistance for the election of pro‑American
candidates to Lebanese Parliament. Successful.
1958: INDONESIA. Financial and military assistance, including B‑26
bombers, for revel forces attempting to overthrow Sukarno government.
Unsuccessful.
1958‑1961: TIBET. Infiltrate Tibetan guerrillas trained in United
States to fight Chinese Communists. Unsuccessful.
1959: CAMBODIA. Assassinate Prince Norodum Shianouk. Unsuccessful.
1960: GUATEMALA. Military assistance, including the use of B‑26
bombers for government of Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes to defeat rebel
forces. Successful.
1960: ANGOLA. Financial and military assistance to rebel forces of
Holden Roberto. Inconclusive.
1960: LAOS. Military assistance, including 400 United States Special
Forces troops, to deny the Plain of Jars bad Mekong Basin to Pathet
Lao. Inconclusive.
1961‑1965: LAOS. Average of $300 million annually to recruit and
maintain L'Armee Clandestine of 35,000 Hmong and Meo tribesmen and
17,000 Thai mercenaries in support of government of Phoumi Nosavan to
resist Pathet Lao. Successful.
1961‑1963: CUBA. Assassinate Fidel Castro. Six attempts in this
period. Unsuccessful.
1961: CUBA. Train and support invasion force of Cuban exiles to
overthrow Castro government, and assist their invasion at the Bay of
Pigs. Cost: $62 million. Unsuccessful.
1961: ECUADOR. Overthrow government of Hose Velasco Ibarra.
Successful.
1961: CONGO. Precipitate conditions leading to assassination of
Patrice Lumumba. Successful.
1961: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Precipitate conditions leading to
assassination of Rafael Trujillo. Successful.
1961‑1966: CUBA. Broad sabotage program, including terrorist attacks
on coastal targets and bacteriological warfare, in effort to weaken
Castro government. Unsuccessful.
1962: THAILAND. Brigade of 5,000 United States Marines to resist
threat to Thai government from Pathet Lao. Successful.
1962‑1964: BRITISH GUIANA. Organize labor strikes and riots to
overthrow government of Cheddi Jagan. Successful.
1962‑1964: BRAZIL. Organize campaign of labor strike and propaganda to
overthrow government of Joao Goulart. Successful.
1963: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Overthrow government of Juan Bosch in
military coup. Successful.
1963: SOUTH VIETNAM. Precipitate conditions leading to assassination
of Ngo Dinh Diem. Successful.
1963: ECUADOR. Overthrow government of Carlos Julio Arosemena.
Successful.
1963‑1984: EL SALVADOR. Organize ORDEN and ANSESAL domestic
intelligence networks under direction of General Jose Alberto Medrano
and Colonel Nicolas Carranza, and provide intelligence support and
training in surveillance, interrogation and assassination techniques.
Successful.
1963‑1973: IRAQ. Financial and military assistance for Freedom Party
of Mulla Mustafa al Barzani in effort to establish independent
Kurdistan. Unsuccessful.
1964: CHILE. $20 million in assistance for Eduardo Frei to defeat
Salvador Allende in Chilean elections.Successful.
1964: BRAZIL, GUATEMALA, URUGUAY, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Provide
training
in assassination and interrogation techniques for police and
intelligence personnel. Inconclusive.
1964: CONGO. Financial and military assistance, including B‑26 and
T‑28 aircraft, and American and exiled Cuban pilots, for Joseph Mobutu
and Cyril Adoula, and later for Moise Tshombe in Katanga, to defeat
rebel forces loyal to Lumumba. Successful.
1964‑1967: SOUTH VIETNAM. Phoenix Program to eliminate Viet Cong
political infrastructure through more than 20,000 assassinations.
Infiltrated by Viet Cong and only partially successful.
1964‑1971: NORTH VIETNAM. Sabotage and ambush missions under
Operations Plan 34A by United States Special Forces and Nung
tribesmen. Inconclusive.
1965‑1971: LAOS. Under Operations Shining Brass and Prairie Fire,
sabotage and ambush missions by United States Special Forces personnel
and Nung and Meo tribesmen under General Bang Pao. Inconclusive.
1965: THAILAND. Recruit 17,000 mercenaries to support Laotian
government of Phoumi Nosavan resisting Pathet Lao. Successful. 1965:
PERU. Provide training in assassination and interrogation techniques
for Peruvian police and intelligence personnel, similar to training
given in Uruguay, Brazil and Dominican Republic, in effort to defeat
resistance movement. Unsuccessful.
1965: INDONESIA. Organize campaign of propaganda to overthrow Sukarno
government, and precipitate conditions leading to massacre of more
than 500,000 members of Indonesian Communist Party, in order to
eliminate opposition to new Suharto government. Successful.
1967: BOLIVIA. Assist government in capture of Ernesto Che Guevara.
Successful.
1967: GREECE. Overthrow government of George Papandreou and install
military government of Colonel George Papadopolous after abdication of
King Constantine. Successful.
1967‑1971: CAMBODIA. Under Projects Daniel Boone and Salem House,
sabotage and ambush missions by United States Special Forces personnel
and Meo tribesmen. Inconclusive.
1969‑1970: CAMBODIA. Bombing campaign to crush Viet Cong sanctuaries
in Cambodia. Unsuccessful.
1970: CAMBODIA. Overthrow government of Prince Norodom Sihanouk.
Successful.
1970‑1973: CHILE. Campaign of assassinations, propaganda, labor
strikes and demonstrations to overthrow government of Salvador
Allende. Cost: $8,400,000. Successful.
1973‑1978: AFGHANISTAN. Military and financial assistance to
government of Mohammed Duad to resist rise to power of Noor Mohammed
Taraki. Unsuccessful.
1975: PORTUGAL. Overthrow government of General Vasco dos Santos
Goncalves. Successful.
1975: ANGOLA. Military assistance to forces of Holden Roberto and
Jonas Savimbi to defeat forces of Popular Movement for the Liberation
of Angola (MPLA) during Angolan civil war, and prevent MPLA from
forming new government. Unsuccessful.
1975: AUSTRALIA. Propaganda and political pressure to force
dissolution of labor government of Gough Whitlam. Successful. 1976:
JAMAICA. Military coup to overthrow government of Michael Manley.
Unsuccessful.
1976‑1984: ANGOLA. Financial and military assistance to forces of
Jonas Savimbi to harass and destabilize Neto and succeeding
governments. Inconclusive.
1979: IRAN. Install military government to replace Shah and resist
growth of Moslem fundamentalism. Unsuccessful.
1979‑1980: JAMAICA. Financial pressure to destabilize government of
Michael Manley, and campaign propaganda and demonstrations to defeat
it in elections. Successful.
1979: AFGHANISTAN. Military aid to rebel forces of Zia Nezri, Zia Khan
Nassry, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Sayed Ahmed Gailani and conservative
mullahs to overthrow government of Hafizullah Amin. Aborted by Soviet
intervention and installation of new government.
1980‑1984: AFGHANISTAN. Continuing military aid to same rebel groups
to harass Soviet occupation forces and challenge legitimacy of
government of Babrak Karmal.
1979: SEYCHELLES. Destabilize government of France Albert Rene.
Successful.
1980: GRENADA. Mercenary coup to overthrow government of Maurice
Bishop. Successful.
1980: DOMINICA. Financial support to Freedom Party of Eugenia Charles
to defeat Oliver Seraphim in Dominican elections. Successful.
1980: GUYANA. Assassinate opposition leader Walter Rodney to
consolidate power of government of Forbes Burnham. Successful.
1980‑1984: NICARAGUA. Military assistance to Adolfo Colero
Portocarrero, Alfonso Robelo, Alfonso Callejas, Fernando Chamorro
Rappacioli, Eden Pastora Gomez, Adrianna Guillen, Steadman Fagoth and
former Somoza National Guard officers, to recruit, train and equip
anti‑ Sandinista forces for sabotage and terrorist incursions into
Nicaragua from sanctuaries in Honduras and Costa Rica, in effort to
destabilize government of Daniel Ortega Saavedra.
1981: SEYCHELLES. Military coup to overthrow government of France
Albert Rene. Unsuccessful. 1981‑1982: MAURITIUS. Financial support to
Seewoosagar Ramgoolam to bring him to power in 1982 elections.
Unsuccessful.
1981‑1984: LIBYA. Broad campaign of economic pressure, propaganda,
military maneuvers in Egypt, Sudan and Gulf of Sidra, and organization
if Libyan Liberation Front exiles to destabilize government of Muammar
Qaddafi. Inconclusive.
1982: CHAD. Military assistance to Hissen Habre to overthrow
government of Goukouni Oueddei. Successful.
1982: GUATEMALA. Military coup to overthrow government of Angel Anibal
Guevara. Successful.
1982: BOLIVIA. Military coup to overthrow government of Celso
Torrelio. Successful.
1982: JORDAN. Military assistance to equip and train two Jordanian
brigades as an Arab strike force to implement United States policy
objectives without Israeli assistance.
1982‑1983: SURINAM. Overthrow government of Colonel Desi Bouterse.
Three attempts in this period. Unsuccessful.
1984: EL SALVADOR. $1.4 million in financial support for the
Presidential election campaign of Jose Napoleon Duarte. Successful.
Appendix II